Russian Federation
UDC 34
From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, it became necessary to reform not only all processes and spheres of the country's life, but also legislative norms. At the same time, many of the pre-war criminal law norms were able to continue to operate, since they were able to adapt to the conditions that developed during the war period, using the guiding resolutions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the USSR. In particular, criminal liability measures were introduced for a number of acts for which administrative practice was applied before the war. It was also necessary to tighten liability for committing acts, the counteraction to which contributed to a speedy victory over fascism. Among the most important features of the criminal policy of wartime was the strengthening of sanctions for the commission of many criminal offenses, in particular: for the commission of state crimes, against property, normal functioning of agriculture, industrial production, etc. The author concludes that the introduction of martial law significantly simplified and greatly facilitated the processes of making the most important management decisions that were so necessary in the historical period under consideration. This fact significantly contributed to the processes of subsequent development of the domestic legal system, legal theory and practice, including also various kinds of features in the criminal-legal regulation of social relations. During the period under consideration, a number of rules related to the violation of the rules of military service lost their force and were replaced by new ones. In addition, during these years, legislative acts were adopted and began to be actively applied, as well as individual legal norms of martial law, thereby creating a special legal regime. The conducted research allowed to conclude that during the war period, domestic legislators took a course on implementing more stringent measures of criminal policy than before the war. These measures of emergency criminal legislation had a number of their own special characteristics. In particular, inter-branch legislation began to be applied more widely than in the pre-war period. Also, the list of offenses that legislators classified as criminal was significantly expanded. In general, it can be noted that the issues of improving criminal policy during the Great Patriotic War do not lose their relevance for domestic legal science.
legal reform, martial law, institute of analogy, criminal law regulation, legislative work, law enforcement, fight against crime, military policy, measures of criminal liability.
1. Nikonov D. A. Sovetskoe chrezvychaynoe voennoe zakonodatel'stvo (1920 – 1941 gg.): monografiya / pod red. B. P. Belozerova. SPb: Sankt-Peterburgskiy voennyy institut vnut-rennih voysk MVD Rossii, 2006.
2. Damaskin O.V. Pravotvorchestvo v usloviyah globalizacii i formirovanie sistemy zakonodatel'stva Rossiyskoy Federacii v interesah nacional'noy bezopasnosti // Pravo v Vooruzhennyh Silah - Voenno-pravovoe obozrenie. 2010. № 1(151).
3. O voennom polozhenii: Ukaz Prezidiuma VS SSSR ot 22.06.1941 (s izm. ot 07.07.1943) // Konsul'tantPlyus: sayt.
4. Kalinin A. A. Osobennosti primeneniya voenno-ugolovnogo zakonodatel'stva v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny // Voennoe pravo. 2017. № 4(44).
5. O zapreschenii samovol'nogo uhoda s raboty traktoristov i kombaynerov, rabotayuschih v mashinno-traktornyh stanciyah. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 17 iyulya 1940 g. Vazhneyshie resheniya po sel'skomu hozyaystvu. – L.: Lenizdat, 1944.
6. Ob otvetstvennosti za vypusk nedobrokachestvennoy ili nekomplektnoy produkcii i za nesoblyudenie obyazatel'nyh standartov promyshlennymi predpriyatiyami: Ukaz ot 10 iyulya 1940 g. // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1940. № 23.
7. Ob ugolovnoy otvetstvennosti za melkie krazhi na proizvodstve i za huliganstvo: Ukaz ot 10 avgusta 1940 g. // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1940. № 28.
8. O zapreschenii prodazhi, obmena i otpuska na storonu oborudovaniya i materialov i ob otvetstvennosti po sudu za eti nezakonnye deystviya (Ukaz ot 10 fevralya 1941 g.) // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1941. № 8.
9. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 26 iyunya 1940 g. O perehode na vos'mi-chasovoy rabochiy den', na semidnevnuyu rabochuyu nedelyu i o zapreschenii samovol'nogo uho-da rabochih i sluzhaschih s predpriyatiy i uchrezhdeniy. GA RF. F. R-7523. Op. 4. D. 37.
10. Isaev M.M. Primenenie st. 59-3v UK RSFSR v usloviyah voennogo vremeni / Prof. M. Isaev // Socialisticheskaya zakonnost'. M., 1942. № 1 (yanvar').
11. O mobilizacii na period voennogo vremeni trudosposobnogo gorodskogo naseleniya dlya raboty na proizvodstve i stroitel'stve: Ukaz ot 13 fevralya 1942 g. // Vedomosti Ver-hovnogo Soveta SSSR.1942. № 6.
12. Ob otvetstvennosti za rasprostranenie v voennoe vremya lozhnyh sluhov, vozbuzhdayuschih trevogu sredi naseleniya: Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR:. 6 iyulya 1941 g.: Sbornik ukazov Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR, izdannyh v svyazi s voynoy protiv nemeckogo fashizma. – [b. M.]: [b. I.], 1941.
13. O kvalifikacii narusheniy pravil i rasporyazheniy po Mestnoy protivovozdushnoy oborone: postanovlenie Plenuma Verhovnogo Suda SSSR ot 26 iyunya 1941 g., № 25/10/u. Sbornik ukazov, postanovleniy, resheniy, rasporyazheniy i prikazov voennogo vremeni. 1941-1942 / Sost. E. Prudinskiy, K. Kudrin, S. Vilenskiy. – L.: Lenizdat, 1942.
14. Ugolovnyy kodeks RSFSR (red. 1926 goda). Sobranie uzakoneniy i rasporyazheniy Raboche-Krest'yanskogo pravitel'stva RSFSR. – 1926. – Otd. 1, № 80. – St. 600.
15. Habibullina L.R., Petaeva M.N. Osobennosti ugolovnogo prava SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny // Pravovestnik. 2019. № 6(17).
16. Postanovlenie GKO SSSR № 1948 ot 2 iyulya 1942 g. Ob otvetstvennosti zheleznodorozhnyh sluzhaschih za sohrannost' perevozimyh po zheleznym dorogam narodnohozyaystven-nyh gruzov v voennoe vremya, s prilozheniem zapiski Berii L. P. Stalinu I. V. RGASPI. F. 644. Op. 1. D. 40. L. 95-96; Op. 2. D. 72. L. 166-170.
17. Ob ohrane imuschestva gosudarstvennyh predpriyatiy, kolhozov i kooperacii i ukreplenii obschestvennoy (socialisticheskoy) sobstvennosti: postanovlenie CIK i SNK SSSR ot 7 avgusta 1932 g. // SZ. 1932. № 62. St. 360.
18. Ob otvetstvennosti rabochih i sluzhaschih predpriyatiy voennoy promyshlennosti za samovol'nyy uhod s predpriyatiy: Ukaz ot 26 dekabrya 1941 g. // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1942. № 2.
19. Epifanova E.V. Analogiya v ugolovnom prave: istoriya i sovremennost' // Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i prava. 2008. № 1.
20. Vyshinskiy A.Ya. K polozheniyu na fronte pravo¬voy teorii. M.: Yurid. izd-vo NKYu SSSR, 1937.
21. Ob otvetstvennosti za razglashenie gosudarstvennoy tayny i za utratu dokumentov, soderzhaschih gosudarstvennuyu taynu: Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 15 noyabrya 1943 g. // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1943. № 49.
22. Bespalova E.A., Gostev S.S. K voprosu o specifike transformacii ugolovnogo prava SSSR v gody Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny // Mir sovremennoy nauki. 2019. № 6(58).
23. Ob otvetstvennosti za hischeniya goryuchego v MTS i sovhozah: Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 23 iyunya 1942 g. // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1942. № 26.
24. O povyshenii dlya kolhoznikov obyazatel'nogo minimuma trudodney: postanovlenie Soveta Narodnyh Komissarov Soyuza SSR i Central'nogo Komiteta VKP(b) ot 13 aprelya 1942 g. № 508. Rukovodyaschie materialy po voprosam sel'skogo hozyaystva. – M.: B. i., 1942.
25. Prikaz № 270 Stavki Verhovnogo Glavnokomandovaniya Krasnoy Armii. 16 avgusta 1941 g. Organy gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti SSSR v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne: Sb. dok. T. 2. Kn. 1. Nachalo. 22 iyunya-31 avgusta 1941 g. / Feder. sluzhba kontrrazvedki RF, Akademiya feder. sluzhby kontrrazvedki RF; Ruk. gruppy avt.-sost. V.P. Yampol'skiy. – M.: Rus', 2000.
26. O chlenah semey izmennikov Rodiny: postanovlenie GKO № 1926 ot 24 iyunya 1942 g. // RGASPI. F. 644. Op. 1. D. 40. L. 61.
27. O predostavlenii Voennym Sovetam frontov i flotov prava snimat' sudimost' s voennosluzhaschih, otlichivshihsya v boyah s nemeckimi zahvatchikami: Ukaz Prezidiuma VS SSSR ot 14.12.1941 // Konsul'tantPlyus: sayt.
28. O priznanii neimeyuschimi sudimosti voennosluzhaschih, proyavivshih sebya stoykimi zaschitnikami Rodiny i osvobozhdennyh sudom ot nakazaniya. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 26 fevralya 1943 g. Kartoteka zakonodatel'nyh i instruktivnyh materialov NKMP RSFSR. 1943 god. Vyp. 4-9 / Narod. komissariat mest. prom-sti RSFSR. – M.: Gos. izd-vo mest. prom-sti RSFSR, 1944.
29. Kobec P.N. Pravovye i organizacionnye osnovy deyatel'nosti sovetskoy milicii na nachal'nom etape Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyny // Gosudarstvo i pravo: evolyuciya, sovremennoe sostoyanie, perspektivy razvitiya (k 80-letiyu Pobedy v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne): materialy XXII mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. V 2-h chastyah, Sankt-Peterburg, 24–25 aprelya 2025 g. – Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskiy un-t MVD Rossii, 2025.
30. Istoriya sovetskogo ugolovnogo prava. A.A. Gercenzon, Sh.S. Gringauz, N.D. Durmanov [i dr.]. – M.: Yurid. izd-vo, 1948 (Leningrad: tip. im. Evg. Sokolovoy).
