UDC 34
The article attempts to provide a systematic historical and legal analysis of the development of the institution of conditional early release in Russia. Special attention is given to the legal sources that defined the legal nature and procedural aspects of this institution, including the Criminal Code of 1903, the Law of 1909 on Conditional Early Release, and the Instruction of the People's Commissariat of Justice of 1918 on Early Release. Based on a comparative analysis, the key trends in the transformation of the legal regulation of parole have been identified: from the administrative discretion of the pre-revolutionary era to the judicial procedure of the Soviet period and to the modern formalized mechanism enshrined in Article 79 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The paper shows that the development of the institution of parole is characterized by consistent democratization, differentiation of conditions of application, formalization of legal procedures, and strengthening of social orientation. It is emphasized that the modern model of parole combines elements of humanism with the principle of ensuring public safety, which ensures a balance between the interests of the state and the individual. The author substantiates the relationship with the institution of probation as a modern area of criminal policy focused on the resocialization of convicts. The article substantiates the need to further improve the legal regulation of parole, taking into account the provisions of the Federal Law «On Probation in the Russian Federation», to prevent excessive formalization and ensure the real effectiveness of the parole mechanism as a tool for integrating individuals into society.
parole, probation, resocialization, history of criminal legislation, humanization of punishment, individualization of punishment
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